Despite the economic importance of their mycorrhizal association with forest trees, only six species of boletes, i.e., Boietus bovinus L. ex Fr., B. edulis Fr., B. granulatus Fr., B. pachypus Fr., B. pulverulentus Opat., B. subtomentosus Fr., had been reported from Taiwan before World War II. Therefore, an extensive survey of Boletaceae bas been carried out around this Island since 1979 and the following 33 species were recognized: Boletinus pictus (Peck.) Peck., B. spectabilis (Peck.) Pomerlean & Smith, Boletus calopus Fr., B. edulis Fr., B. erythropus (Fr.) Kromb., B. leuridus Fr, B. pulveralentus Opat.. B. queletii Schulzer, B. reticulatus Schaeff ex Boud., B. subvelutipes Peck, B. taircanensis sp. nov.. Gasteroboletus scabrosus Maxxer & Smith, Gyroporus castaneus (Fr.) Que´l., Leccinum griseum (Que´l) Sing., L. holopus (Rostk.) Walting, L. insigne Smith, L. rugosicep (Peck) Sing., Phylloporus rhodosanthus (Schw.) Bres., Strobilomyces fioccopus (Vahl. ex Fr.) Iiarst, Suillus americanus (Peck) Spell ex Slipp & Spell. S. bovinus (Fr.) Kuntz, S. grarzulatus (Fr.) Kuntz, S, grevillei (Klotz.) Sing., S. luteus (Fr.) S.F. Gray, S. punctipes (Peck) Sing., S. subalutaceus (Smith 8: Teiers) Smith 8 Thiers, S. subaureus (Peck) Spell, Tylopilus fellus (Fr.) Karst., T. viren (Chiu) Hongo, Xerocomus badius (Fr.) Kuhner ex Gilb., X. chrysenteron (Fr.) Que´l., X. parvulus Hongo var. formosanus var. nov., X. subtomentosus (Fr.) Que´l.
The species of Boletaceae in Taiwan are widely distributed from the subtropical to alpine zone for their adaptation, but majority are distributed in the zones of temperate and subalpine coniferous forests. Ecologically speaking, Boletnius spectabilis, Boletus calopus, B. edulis, B. erythropus, B. pulverulentus, B. subvelutipes, L. grisum, L. insigne, T. fellus, X. badius are in the cold temperate coniferous forest. Eoletinus pictus, Boletus luridus, B. reticulatus, L. holopus. S. amerieanus, S. grevillei. S. punetipes, S. subalutaceus, T. viren, badius X. chrysenteron, X. parvulus var. formosanus, X. subtomentosus are distributed in the cool temperate coniferous forest. L. rugosiceps are widely distributed in both cool and cold temperate coniferous forest. S. bovinus, S. granulatus, S. luteus, and St. ,floccopus have an wide range of the vertical distribution (from 700m to 3000m alt.) and are in both temperate coniferous and warm temperate mixed forests. Only few species are recorded from subalpine coniferous forest, i.e., B. queletii, B. taiwanensis, and G. scabrosus, and the warm temperate mined forest, i.e., G. castaneus, P. rhodoxanthus, and S. subaureus, respectively. Most of species are separately distributed but some of them, i.e., S. baninus, S. granulatus, and S. luteus are frequently grown together under the same pinestand. Some species showed their host specificity toward the ectomycorrhizal relationship such as S. grevillei with Larix forest and G. castaneus with chestnut trees. In general, all species appeared in summer to fall season but some speoies, i.e., S. bovinus tend to have a rather longer. fruiting period from late spring to early winter in this Island. There are also a tendency of early appearance of Leccinum spp. in the hot season and followed by the succession of Boletus and Suillus species until late fall or early winter.
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